LGBTQ Stories
With Teatr.doc, when we start a new project, it’s like traveling without a destination—we don’t know where, when, and how it will end. Our play Out of the Closet began that way back in 2015, with several verbatim interviews with LGBTQ activists who had opposed the Russian law banning “gay propaganda.” They had been persecuted and left the country.
Very soon we understood that the topic of coming out was a lot more urgent, important, complex, and interesting than the topic of resistance to the law. We started interviewing gay Russians, asking them about their coming out experiences to parents, friends, colleagues. As it turned out, the matter was complicated and controversial; each story was different. Then we met with their mothers, and a story about trust between parents and children arose—one that would resonate with everyone.
The plays I make are not “political plays.” They are touching, sincere, and authentic, and they open up something new and make people think in new ways.
Out of the Closet was the first documentary play about gay people in Russia. But when I was working on the play, I didn’t imagine it as cutting-edge theatre or a risky activist project. For me, it was a play about love and trust, about the courage gay people need to simply exist and live in the country.
We have been performing Out of the Closet for more than two years without attracting the attention of either homophobic activists or the police. Yes, there is a law banning “gay propaganda” among underage people. Yes, I consider it discriminatory. But operating in Russia, we have to follow even discriminatory laws, so we have always only performed the show for adults, even though we reckon it could help younger people establish trust with their parents.
Even under such circumstances, I never thought the work—which spoke to human values—would suddenly become a target. But it happened last year. Homophobic activists stormed into our theatre in Moscow, stopped the performance, offended the actors and the audience, and started a fight. The most frightening thing was that they were not punished, which sends a signal that both artists and LGBTQ people are not protected. What happened wasn’t the actions of some crazy radicals—indirectly, it was supported by authorities.
Controversial War Stories
Another performance we did that received backlash was Kantgrad, which was called Russophobic. The documentary performance about post-WWII Kaliningrad (former German Koenigsberg) was based on the interviews with the first Soviet settlers in Eastern Prussia, now known as the Kaliningrad region, who had been ordered to move there by the government. These interviews told us about the violent actions of new Soviet authorities against the native German population of the city, the women, the children, and the elderly—stories that aren’t told in the official narratives of the state, which focuses only on the heroics. The settlers witnessed how difficult it was to find common ground with their former enemy.
The play looks at the lesser-known historical period in a more controversial way than the formal history of WWII in Russia, where any unpleasant, shameful, and controversial fact or event is likely ignored, darkened, or even denied. Telling this story our way caused a number of problems.
It was our dream to perform Kantgrad in the city the play was about. In February 2019, two years after the premiere, we finally brought the show to Kaliningrad. All of a sudden, a number of organizational problems arose because of the authorities and far-right activists, which nearly led to the cancellation of the performance.
Russians like to say: “You never know what hit you.” Unpredictability is a common feature of life in Russia, and theatre is no exception.
Our friends in Kaliningrad helped us find another venue and we performed anyway. After the shows there were discussions with Kaliningrad residents, and many of them cried remembering their forefathers who moved to the city in the 1940s and the 1950s, thanked us for the performance, and expressed regret that there had been no such performance in their city before.
Our next performance in Moscow unexpectedly was nearly canceled, too. It turned out that the police and the Centre for Combating Extremism had received complaints about our tour in Kaliningrad, and two officers came to the venue and told the boss to not let us play. We had to organize an almost-underground performance in another location.
Russians like to say: “You never know what hit you.” Unpredictability is a common feature of life in Russia, and theatre is no exception.
Of course, such situations make us nervous, concerned about the safety of our colleagues, families, and ourselves. But because the accusations against our shows are more absurd than logical, because the actions of the right-wing activists and police are more violent than legal, we cannot allow fear to creep into our souls.
The Challenges of Independent Theatremaking
I start most of my projects without knowing whether I will find funding for the production; sometimes I get small grants, sometimes I do not. Almost always the money is only enough to pay the actors and build the set. It is almost never enough for research.
Sometimes we have no money for a project at all (for example, Out of the Closet was made without any). And yet we—my colleagues and I—work, and we don’t complain. On the contrary, I only see benefits in this state of affairs: nothing can make me stop doing my project. In fact, the audience decides when they buy tickets to a show: they vote with their money for my performance. I am more than content with this immediate and effective feedback from the audience. In such a way I feel they need such a complex and independent documentary art.
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According to Forsyth and Megson, “much documentary theatre has complicated notions of authenticity with a more nuanced and challenging evocation of the “real” (2). In reflexive performance techniques, which focus the spectator’s attention on how the performance is made and therefore acknowledges the complexity of the performance’s reality, is the shift away from single-perspective notions of truth toward ambiguity and multiple viewpoints. “The one trenchant requirement that the documentary form should necessarily be equivalent to an unimpeachable and objective witness to public events has been challenged in order to situate historical truth as an embattled site of contestation” (2009:6). Complicating and questioning truth claims in order to interrogate the real is indicative of the ways in which what is deemed real can be understood and determined in diverse ways in different historical circumstances.